Lord Of The Flies Psychological Analysis - 817 Words

Freud’s Psychological Structures in Lord of the Flies- Prompt C Freud’s psychological structures can be identified throughout the novel of Lord of the Flies. Lord of the flies is a 1954 novel written by Nobel prize winner William Golding. In this novel, a group of school boys crashed onto an uninhabited island and must survive or get rescued while facing many obstacles along the way. This happens during World War II. The psychological structures in the Lord of the Flies is the Id, Ego, and the Superego. In Lord of the Flies, Simon and Piggy would be the Superego(s). Whereas Ralph and the littluns would be the ego. Finally, Rodger and Jack would be the Id. The Id is one of the three psychological structures. The Id or â€Å"it â€Å"is the†¦show more content†¦Piggy fell forty feet and landed on his back arcoss that square red rock in the sea. His head opened up and stuff came out and turned red.† (Golding 167) Rodger also takes the Responsibility of t orturing Sam and Eric with a spear and forces them to join Jack’s tribe. He also gets Sam and Eric to tell him where Ralph is hiding. The second psychological structure is the Ego. The ego or â€Å"I† is the component of personality that is modified by influences. This can be seen in Ralph because he makes his decisions based on the intelligence of Piggy or the want of Jack. For example, in chapter one, Piggy helps Ralph use the conch to signal everyone. In this scene Piggy uses his memory and tells Ralph he must spit in the conch enable to make a sound. According to page 36, Jack says â€Å"His specs-use them as burning glasses!†. In this scene Ralph tries to start a fire on the mountain but can’t. This shows that Ralph makes his decisions based on other ideas, thoughts, or feelings. The Ego can also be seen in the littluns. The littuns are all kids, about age 5, on the island. The littluns would be the Ego because they also based their decisions off wha t the bigguns do. For example, in chapter 10, Jack persuades the littluns to join his new tribe. The bigguns are considered all kids that are at least 10 years old. This shows the littluns would be the Ego because Jack said his group his better so the littluns joined his group. The third andShow MoreRelatedLord of the Flies Nature of Man1726 Words   |  7 PagesLord of the Flies: The Nature of Man William Golding’s Lord of the Flies is a gritty allegory of adolescence, innocence, and the unspoken side of human nature. Countless social issues are portrayed, however one of the most reoccurring is the nature of man. Throughout the novel there is an ever-present focus on the loss of innocence amongst the boys, shown by the deterioration of social skills and their retrogression into a barbaric form of society. Also portrayed is the juxtaposition of a cruelRead MoreLord of The Flies Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesLord of the Flies was published in 1954 by William Golding. Today Lord of the Flies is a well known literary criticism. Many schools require their students to read Lord of the Flies because of the literary criticisms in the book. In this paper three themes or literary criticisms are talked about: good vs. evil, symbolism of characters, and maturity of characters. Another topic in Goldings Lord of the Flies is the battle of good vs. evil. Everything seems to start out just fine on the island; theRead MoreThe ID, Ego and Superego in Lord of the Flies1468 Words   |  6 Pages The exemplification of Freud’s id, superego, and ego: A look at Jack, Piggy, Simon and Ralph within The Lord of the Flies Freud primarily subscribed to the idea that there are two energies that drive human behavior. These two energies are sex – the pleasure principle and aggression. The human mind is comprised of the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. Within the realms of the mind, the human personality is controlled by the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is drivenRead MoreFreudian Theory Into Lord Of The Flies1764 Words   |  8 Pages The psychological makeup of a person has a significant influence on the quality of their decisions and behaviors. Golding incorporates the theme of Freudian theory into Lord of the Flies to present a psychological meaning that explains the struggles associated within everyone. Various symbols justify the characters as specific parts of Freud’s analysis of the human personality. In Lord of the Flies, Golding establishes a psychological meaning through the use of symbolism to personify PiggyRead MoreTo What Extent Does a Marxist Readin g of Lord of the Flies Lead to a Fuller Understanding of the Novel?1888 Words   |  8 PagesTo what extent does a Marxist reading of ‘Lord of the Flies’ lead to a fuller understanding of the novel? ‘Lord of the Flies’ is based almost entirely on Golding’s view that evil is an inherent force in every man, â€Å"man produces evil as a bee produces honey†. Golding acquired this belief while he was a soldier in the Second World War. From that point on, he became extremely pessimistic about human nature, calling it â€Å"the disease of being human†. This belief is shown very clearly, as he puts ‘innocent’Read MoreEssay on The Two Faces of Man Exposed in The Lord of the Flies2677 Words   |  11 PagesThe Two Faces of Man Exposed in The Lord of the Flies  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚         William Golding was inspired by his experiences in the Royal Navy during World War II when he wrote Lord of the Flies (Beetz 2514). Golding has said this about his book: The theme is an attempt to trace the defeats of society back to the defects of human nature. The moral is that the shape of society must depend on the ethical nature of the individual and not on any political system however apparently logical or respectableRead MoreArchetype Analysis of Lord of the Flies2467 Words   |  10 Pageshis first writing Lord of the Flies, in which symbolism is wildly used and attributes lots of symbolic meanings to the characters and events. The story thus becomes vivid and profound. This paper aims at using Swiss psychologist Carl Gustav Jung’s collective unconscious and archetypal theories to interpret the archetypes of characters, natural scenes and themes. Key words: symbolism, Lord of the Flies, collective unconscious, archetypal theory 0. Introduction Lord of the Flies is the masterpieceRead MoreStanford Prison Experiment Essay1150 Words   |  5 Pagesexecuted an unusual experiment that used a mock prison setting, with college students role-playing either as prisoners or guards to test the power of the social situation to determine psychological effects and behavior (1971). The experiment simulated a real life scenario of William Golding’s novel, â€Å"Lord of the Flies† showing a decay and failure of traditional rules and morals; distracting exactly how people should behave toward one another. This research, known more commonly now as the Stanford prisonRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Raven Essay1642 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of Edgar Allan Poe’s The Raven Death. A strong topic, frequently but solemnly discussed. However, when I read Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Raven†, I was immediately captivated by the new angle brought to my attention regarding death. While the topic of death is usually associated with either sympathy or horror, Poe succeeded in portraying a feeling caught between the two; and at the same time bringing forth new feelings I would never thought to consider regarding death. These feelings reflectRead MoreA Brief Note On The Hindu Mythology Of India Essay2356 Words   |  10 Pagesat different places. Whereas diffusion is defined as any kind of material that is transfer from one region to another. According to book â€Å" The Study Of American Folklore† Lord Raglan stated in The Hero in 1963 that myth is not on the basis of history, which come under the myth-ritual theory. According to the Lord Raglan analysis myths, folklore and legends has no relation with the history. Nowadays, children are mu ch more educated than their parents. This thing has changed the importance of myths

The Voice of Faulkner in A Rose for Emily - 858 Words

The purpose of this essay is to describe and reflect on the vast array of emotions revealed by the tone in the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner. The obvious tones used in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a sense of fear, curiosity, gloom and terror along with the more subtle irony, guilt, and complicity and resistance to change. Faulkner’s layout for this story was genius he left elusive clues for the reader with the use of foreshadowing and flashbacks yet the complex chronology added to the mystery and for some added confusion. Falkner manipulates time and stretches the story over several decades in the southern town of Jefferson after the Civil War. The distinctive narrative point of view draws the reader in. The only information divulged about the narrator is that they are a speaker for the town and pass judgment both for and against Emily Grierson. Towards the beginning the narrator is annoyed and influenced by the arrogant and aristocrati c lifestyle Emily lives; the narrator declares† at last they could pity Miss Emily being left alone and a pauper. She had become humanized. Now she too would know the old thrill of the old despair of a penny more or less† (Albcarian et al, 2002, p.652). In the end of the story, the narrator is symbolically giving her a â€Å"rose† by telling her bizarre story with remorse and compassion. The symbolic rose is what makes this story ironic Emily’s life was actually full of thorns. No man tried to court Emily they were never goodShow MoreRelatedThe Mystery of the Rose and the Narrator in A Rose for Emily by Faulkner1182 Words   |  5 PagesWhile one of the most traditional interpretations of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is the variety of meanings for the â€Å"rose† presented in the title and how the â€Å"rose† fits in with the story. Laura Getty states in her article many varied perspectives that many could ponder when identifying what the â€Å"rose† stands for. She states many possible theories that depict what the â€Å"rose† means, including theories of other writers that help support her own theory and also that adds another way that most might not considerRead MoreSymbolism in a Rose for Emily1508 Words   |  7 Pagessignificance to the story. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, William Faulkner effectively uses symbolism to illustrate the fading glory of the Old South giving away to the progress of reconstruction and the new century. It also plays a role in understanding the whole meaning of the story and why Emily is a tragic figure as opposed to an evil person. The gray strand of hair found on the pillow next to Homer Barron’s corpse is a symbol that represents lost love and perverse action of Miss Emily. The hair represents MissRead MoreA Closer Look At William Faulkner s A Rose For Emily1384 Words   |  6 PagesA Closer Look at William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† There have been many short stories written about life during the Reconstruction era after the civil war. Some stories, even though they are fictitious, are based upon and often mirror actual events that have taken place. The most relevant stories tell of lives and families that have been separated due to war, and how the remnants were left the task of rebuilding. As towns changed, people were somewhat reluctant to let go of past beliefs and whatRead MoreAn Occurrence At Old Creek Bridge And William Faulkner s A Rose For Emily1210 Words   |  5 PagesFaulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† are good examples of non-linear structure. A non-linear narrative makes readers question why the author cannot present his story in a lucid form? Non-linear structure often makes stories harder to understand, but it keeps readers interested in the story. Bierce and Faulkner uses a similar strategy to present their stories by deceiving the readers to create suspense at the end of the story . Nick Melczarek explains narrative strategy in Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† with theRead MoreComparison and Contrast: A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner and The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe929 Words   |  4 Pageshow William Faulkner and Edgar Allan Poe employ it to achieve distinctly Gothic effects. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† are very different stories set in very different worlds, and the tone of the narration in each is equally different. Nonetheless, the stories both offer strong symbolism, and they each rely on how the short story amplifies the Gothic, or dark, by virtue of brief presentation. Poes â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† and Faulkners â€Å"A Rose for Emily† both employRead MoreA Stream of Consciousness in A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner745 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a short story written by American author William Faulkner and centres around an old lady named Emily. The story is written in the classic Faulkner method of a streaming consciousness. By constructing the story through use of the stream of consciousness, Faulkner is able to manipulate the predetermined short story structure and create an outstanding, critically acclaimed story. In using the thematic concept of creating contrasts between two opposing entities, Faulkner is ableRead MoreWhat We Are Who We Should Be: Literary Realism1132 Words   |  5 Pagesand William Faulkner strived to expose their readers to defects, either internal or external. Their literature puts humanity under the microscope, and allows the reader to examine their daily life f rom a safe distance. Under examination, many shortcomings can be uncovered. Occasionally, an author will not only reveal these flaws, but provide a practical solution. More often than not though, realists will leave it up to their reader to formulate a cure. In A Rose for Emily, Faulkner looks back onRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe stylistic writing devices, vocabulary, and narrative voice utilized by William Faulkner in this excerpt of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† provide insight into the communal perspective held by the townsfolk toward outsiders, as well as those who live amongst them – specifically Miss Emily. When examining the story in its entirety, this excerpt serves to demonstrate the condescending, gossipy nature of the townspeople, and the idea that Miss Emily’s affairs concern the whole town. The incorporation of stylisticRead MoreAuthor of A Rose for Emily, William Faulkners Nobel Prize Essay707 Words   |  3 PagesAll I have to say about A Rose for Emily is that she was a crazy person! Faulkner is a really worthy and famous writer that has a lot to say in his writings and I think that he accomplishes that when he writes. â€Å"On December 10, he delivered his ac ceptance speech to the academy in a voice so low and rapid that few could make out what he was saying, but when his words were published in the newspaper the following day, it was recognized for its brilliance; in later years, Faulkner’s speech would beRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1507 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Cuthbert Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi. He stands as one of the most preeminent American writers of the twentieth century. His literary reputation included poetry, novels, short stories, and screenplays. Faulkner won two Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction and the Nobel Prize in Literature. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a short fascinating story written by William Faulkner and it was his first short story published in a national magazine. The story involved an old woman named Emily Grierson, the

World War Two and the Atomic Bomb Essay - 739 Words

World War Two and the Atomic Bomb World War II is one of the most historic points in the history of the world. The war was by far the most devastating in the history of the world. There were many controversial actions during the war, but one of the biggest was the decision by the United States to drop atomic bombs. The atomic bomb should have been used to end the war because it saved more lives than continuing the war. The official bombing order was signed on July 25, 1945, by Thos. T. Handy and sent to General Carl Spaatz. The bombing order called for additional bombs for the targets in Japan when called on by the project staff. The bomb was set to be dropped the first time the weather permitted after August 3,†¦show more content†¦In the 1960s the public saw the bomb only as an action to gain an upper hand with Russia (Goodman, screen 2). Also, on a more tragic note, by 1946, 240,000 Japanese had died from the two bombs (screen 1). Even now people are still dying from the effects of the Atomic Bomb(Why, screen 1). One aspect that is under big concern is whether dropping the bomb or an invasion would have taken more lives. One source that gave estimates of an invasion stated, In a meeting on 18 June the Joint War Plans Committee gave Truman projected death rates ranging from a low of 31,000 to a high of 50,000 (Goodman, screen 6). This number was much lower than predictions from other sources. A.C. Snow, a News and Observer editor, wrote, The invasion was expected to be the Armageddon of World War II some historians project that a million or more lives would have been lost (screen 1). President Truman and Secretary of War, Henry Stimson, said that dropping the bomb was a military action that avoided the loss of many lives in the upcoming invasion of Kyushu (Goodman, screens 1-2). During the war the Japanese were killed twenty-two to every one American, so if the invasion would have taken place with these numbers the bomb saved many lives (screen 6), On the side of President Trumans decision to use the bomb to end the war was the fact that far, far more people, civilians and military would have been killed onShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Atomic Bomb in World War Two1311 Words   |  6 PagesThe Atomic Bomb in World War Two In 1941 the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, the armed forces of the United States and her allies had been at war with Japan. The combined land, sea and air forces of the allied forces fought back against Japan, until only the Japanese homeland remained in Japanese control. On July 26,1941 President Truman issued the Potsdam Declaration,which called for Japan’s unconditional surrender and listed peace terms. The Japanese were warned of the consequences ofRead MoreTruman and Atomic Bombs649 Words   |  3 Pagesdropping of the atom bomb. HARRY S TRUMAN amp; THE DECISION TO ORDER THE DROPPING OF THE ATOMIC BOMB Boom! Boom! Seventy thousands Japanese citizens were perished instantly after the first atomic bomb was dropped in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Japanese still refused to surrender to Allied forces. On August 9, 1945, with the dropping of the second atomic bomb in Nagasaki, where eighty thousands people were vaporized, Japanese surrendered unconditionally and the World War II ended (â€Å"The DecisionRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb : Manhattan Project1331 Words   |  6 PagesTopic: The Atomic Bomb: Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project was a research and development project that produced the first nuclear weapons during World War II. The Manhattan project was the invention of the first two nuclear bombs, Fat man and little boy. These two bombs were dropped on Japanese islands to end World War II. Math The formula E=MC2 is responsible for the immense power of the Atomic Bomb. E = mc2, equation in German-born physicist Albert Einstein’s theoryRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb On The World War II887 Words   |  4 Pagesdrop two atomic bombs days apart in the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. I completely agree with President Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bomb on the two Japanese cities because I believe it is the main reason that ended World War II. Being from Malaysia, my grandparents often told me stories of their sufferings during World War II. As Singapore’s former Prime Minister concurred, the Japanese soldiers were mean, brutal and vicious towards the civilians, and if the atomic bombs wereRead MoreA Closer Look at the Bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki1485 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States to surrender in the war and rejecting each one, the Japanese set themselves up for disaster. On August 6, 1945 the course of history was changed. Two atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima, and three days later, August 9, 1945, on Nagasaki that ended World War II. Japan had already been a defeated nation from conventional bombs and World War II. Many innocent lives were lost, psychological scars were left on the lives of the bomb survivors, and thus many livesRead MoreThe Manhattan Project1519 Words   |  7 PagesThe process of building the two atomic bombs was long and hard. The Manhattan project employed 120,000 people, and cost almost $2 billion. Although there were 120,000 Americans working on the project only a select group of scientist knew of the atomic bomb development. Vice president Truman never knew about the development of the bombs until he became president. The axis powers did not know what was going on with the development of the atomic bomb; there was a soviet spy in the project. The sovietRead MoreHiroshima And The Atomic Bomb1716 Words   |  7 Pagesdropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, wh ich was the first time an atomic bomb was used in war. Three days later, the United States proceeded to drop an atomic bomb again on another city, Nagasaki, which was the last time that an atomic bomb has ever been used in the world till today. Soon after the devastating bombings, with thousands of Japanese civilians dead, the Japanese emperor Hirohito surrendered, marking the official end of WWII. Consequently, whether or not dropping the atomic bomb was theRead MoreThe Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki1656 Words   |  7 PagesDid the atomic bomb have to be used in World War II on Japan? There were multiple reasons why the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were necessary. One of which is to reduce the chance of Allied casualties if the war continued. Another reason was to prohibit the possibility that an Axis country such as Nazi Germany, could create an atomic weapon. A third reason or is whether or not the use of atomic weapons on innocent people was worth the media backlash. A final reason is that the workRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb1094 Words   |  5 Pageshelping create the atomic bomb. The idea of the atomic bomb with atoms and fission was not conceived overnight. The scientist from Ernest Rutherford who is from New Zealand to German, British, Japanese, and other scientist from across the globe all contributed to nuclear physics and research on the atom. Most who worked on the famous Manhattan Project were from other countries. The Republic of science was not an actual institution but a belief that the scientists of the world would go beyond politicsRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki884 Words   |  4 Pagescities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as the atomic bombs were dropped. Thousands of people were killed instantly, with the rest left critically injured. Eventually, it was measured that 135,000 people were killed as a result of these bombs. We know that many people were killed. But how and why were the atomic bomb s created? Who decided to use them? These questions all contribute to the fact that the atomic bombs impacted the world greatly. It all started when World War II began in 1939. Some scientists

Internet and E-Business A2Z Cosmetics

Questions: Scenario: A2Z Cosmetics is a newly established innovative fashion and cosmetics business facing several challenges to capture their possible share from the market. In a rapidly- changing industry, their future business is uncertain as a new entrant in the fashion industry. The management team is really keen to work on their marketing strategy to counter a highly competitive environment due to experienced and existing businesses. In order to structure a new e-business strategy, the shareholders of the company have decided to appoint an e-business consultant (with sound e-marketing experience). The consultant would work toward building the online presence of the business for better sales, improved marketing and brand development. The management team want to know how e-commerce and e-business technologies could be used to improve the companys operations alongside sales-growth. The chief executive, J. Simon, needs a report with answers of the questions illustrated below from you to convince Board of Directors for their new e-business project, presenting with an e-commerce website template of the company. Task 1:a) Discuss the environment in which e-business is conducted and describe various e-business transaction types.Guidance: In this question, you are expected to describe the environment in which A2Z Cosmetics should conduct its e-business and give examples of at least two business transaction types that you are familiar with.b) Explain the benefits and barriers to a business considering its online presence.Guidance: You have been asked to explain the benefits and barriers faced by A2Z Cosmetics. Your answer will be more effective if you can outline and discuss the possible benefits and challenges likely to be faced by the company.c) Assess the security and legislative issues facing the online business of A2Z Cosmetics.Guidance: In this question, you are expected to write what can be expected during online transactions and how legislations and various security measures attempt to minimise risks.d) State different modes of communication available to an e-business and their applicat ions.Guidance: Your answer to this question should identify different ways that can be used for communication when carrying out a business online. Your answer may include examples such as the role of shopping carts, FAQs and email etc. in e-commerce.Task 2:a) Explain relevant internet technologies and their importance in making an e-business successful.Guidance: Your answer should identify some examples of internet technologies and explain their importance in making an e-business successful. Your examples may include the concept of packet switching and the need for using standard internet protocols when communicating over the internet, including consideration about how this affects e-business world-wide.b) Explain the main features of HTML.Guidance: In this question, you are expected to produce a basic Hypertext Mark -up Language document coding structure and explain the main features and purpose of various sections in the structure.c) Analyse the functions of clients, servers and b rowsers. Also discuss the role of search engines and its application for A2Z Cosmetics.Guidance: Your answer to this question may be more effective if you can illustrate with a suitable diagram of Client-Server architecture and explain its associated benefits. Your answer should also describe major functions of browsers, and search engines and their role in an e-business.d) Evaluate the use of intranets and extranets within business communications.Guidance: Your answer to this question should explain intranets and extranets and their importance in facilitating business communication. Your answer may also explain under what circumstances you would encourage a company such as A2Z Cosmetics to adopt and use intranet and/or extranet.Task 3:a) Illustrate different e-business models that can be used to generate revenue for a business.Guidance: Your answer to this question can be more effective if you can describe the main e-business models with examples.b) Compare and contrast two models by assessing the benefits and challenges. Analyse each model in terms of its capacity to generate revenue.Guidance: Your answer should explain to what extent both e-business models can help A2Z Cosmetics to generate revenue.c) Report on future developments in e-business models.Guidance: In this question, you need to suggest any possible potential future developments in e-business models. Give reasons to justify your suggestions. Task 4:a) Use key elements of good website design structure.Guidance: Taking into consideration the new project goal proposed for A2Z Cosmetics, use a suitable template to design a simple Prototype Home webpage for the organization website. Give reasons or rationale of adopting the proposed website structure from a customers perspective.b) Evaluate the impact of a well-designed website on an e-business.Guidance: Using Amazons website (www.amazon.co.uk) as an example, explain why it would be important for the company to have a well-designed website.c) Report on the issues concerning website usability.Guidance: Using the example of Amazon website (www.amazon.co.uk), your answer may focus on evaluating the issues concerning website usability.Your discussion may include websites potential to meet the needs of different customers (e.g. parents, children, accessibility for the visually impaired etc). Answers: Introduction Electronic business is the process of conducting business on the internet that comprises of both buying and selling of goods and services along with processing payments and sharing information. It also collaborates with the business partners and controls and manages the production and is also focused on redefining relationships between organizations and individuals as well as among organizations (Al-Qirim, 2006). In this technologically savvy and fashion trendy world, many organizations opt for e-business for getting in contact with a huge number of customers at a time. In this busy world, customers in order to avoid the hustle and bustle of the market place as well as to save time opt for e-business for collecting information regarding the company as well as buying or selling products at a time (Foster, 2012). This assignment will be elaborately discussing about the structure of the e-business strategy that A2Z Cosmetics will be adopting for better and improved marketing, sales as well as development of the brand. This will be including the benefits, barriers of online presence along with security issues and different e-business models. Task 1 a) Conduction of e-business in the Environment Since the A2Z Cosmetics is a new business of fashion and cosmetics, it will be facing several problems in the e-business environment in the already congested market of fashion and cosmetic products. With the advancement of the technology and innovation of modern tools, the company needs to work in a dynamic environment where it needs to keep its strategies flexible (Boone and Kurtz, 2011). This is because; it will help the company to change according to the change in strategies in order to keep up the pace with the demands of the customers as well as suppliers and other competitors. Moreover, the environment also need to be technologically up to the mark and well equipped with all the modern amenities to facilitate the conduction of e-business successfully. Various types of e-business transactions types Immediate Payments- This type of transaction is a simple process where the customer when place an order and their card details gets valid due to accessibility of money gets checked (Miller and Engemann, 2014). The customer can no longer spend the money elsewhere and the bank will be debiting the money from the card. Ex- purchasing a book directly from the online store by directly paying money through card. Deferred payments- This kind of transaction works where the card details of the customers are checked and a shade is put on the account of the customers. Here also the customers cannot spend the money anywhere but the deferred transactions are not propelled to the bank for ending of the transaction and can only be completed when released manually (Shi and Murthy, 2003). Ex- purchasing a book and paying for it later by shading the card to the online company. b) Benefits and barriers considering the e-business Benefits Worldwide presence- A2Z Cosmetics will be getting an added advantage on e-business since the company will become globally present. In this technology and internet driven world, people generally opt for organizations that have e-business facility in order to place the order for the products anytime and at any place (Alhassan and Enagi, 2014). Cost effective Promotional and Marketing activities- The promotional and marketing activities of A2Z Cosmetics will be lessened since the information regarding the company and its products can easily be got on the companys website. The techniques of advertisement such as pay/click advertising where the company pays if the advertisements are viewed by the customers. This helps in reaching the customers easily and acknowledging them with the discounts and offers at the same time thereby reducing the extra costs (Yuksek, 2013). Competitive Strategy- In order to get a competitive advantage, A2Z Cosmetics need to go online. In this tech savvy world, all the companies prefer going online in order to reach its potential customers and to earn profits. The customers can easily know about the company details along with their services and products and according to their requirement and need opt for the company (Wang and Vaughan, 2014). This will give the company a higher customer database and higher profits thereby will give a competitive advantage over other competitors. Disadvantages- Data security- The A2Z Cosmetics may be facing the problems of security at the time of online transactions. There are certain hackers and email trackers where they track down the customer email id and can hamper the transaction of the customers where both the company and customer will be at a loss (Klatt, 2013). Moreover, the virus attacks can also hamper the database of the company. Up gradation of the system- With the progression of the technology, the online system of A2Z Cosmetics also need to be upgrade itself to keep a pace with the customers demands and the competitive environment (Saebi and Foss, 2014). For keeping the site performance un-interrupting and provide the customers with upgraded news and events, up gradation of the site is essential. Thought of Intangibility among customers- It is a common belief among the customers to touch the objects that they intend to buy. In online marketing, this facility cannot be obtained (Miller and Engemann, 2014). Customers in order to know the quality and material of the product prefer offline shopping. c) Security and legislative issues faced by the online business of A2Z cosmetics With the increase in cases of cybercriminals, the e-business sites need to be much more concerned during online transactions. The hackers track down the emails of the customers during the purchase of a product in an online store and can track down the card details of the customers leading to bankruptcy of the customers as well making a loss to the company by hacking the companys account (Wang and Vaughan, 2014). In order to fight with these increasing cybercriminals, there are several laws and legislations that have been taken as safety measures in order to minimize the treats of these. The Federal Trade Commission is in charge of securing online database for detecting the patterns of the cyber crime that leads to investigation and prosecution. The other measures of securing the online transactions are securing the account and asking additional ways for verifying the business providers, by keeping the passwords unique and strong and best use of the privacy and security settings on the websites (Saebi and Foss, 2014). The online terms policies, laws and conditions need to be read vividly regarding ensuring online contracts, importing or exporting regulations, recoding the obligations of retentions and control regulation of exchange. d) Different modes of communication that is available to e-business and their applications Emails- It is considered to be the most important form of electronic communication that helps in keeping a strong communication between the customers and the company. Through emails, company can even receive the feedbacks from the customers or any kind of complaints or thank you letters (Yuksek, 2013). This will help A2Z company in strengthening the relationship with its customers. Shopping Carts- The shopping carts are another part of effective communication since the company can keep a track on the customers buying behavior by seeing the shopping track (Yuksek, 2013). Offers, discounts and even recommendations can be given by the company to the customers based on their choices that will help in knowing the customers well and will also help in gaining the customer loyalty. FAQs- The FAQs contain the questions that are frequently asked by the clients or the customers regarding the company. This helps in knowing the company well and helps in gaining an effective communication between the company and clients and customers. Social Networking- The social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter etc help in attracting and gathering the customers for creating account in the websites of the online stores (Alhassan and Enagi, 2014). This helps in facilitating an effective communication between the customers and the company. Task 2 a) Importance of Internet technologies in making e-business successful In order to make the e-business successful, the full usage of the relevant internet technologies is essential for the e-business of A2Z Cosmetics. The Packet Switching is an important internet technology that is used for making the e-business of A2Z Cosmetics successful and competitive in this overcrowded marketplace. In Packet Switching, small chunks of packet or data are dynamically routed and transferred between layers that make the process secure (Klatt, 2013). The Network Access Layer is solely responsible in putting the data packets onto the given network. The Internet Layer is responsible for assembling as well as dissembling the packets into appropriate sizes in order to address the information into the packets. The Host-to-Host transport layer is the place where the TCP lies. The packet switching works in a real time environment and helps in transmitting the data quickly. Moreover, the iKP protocols are also designed that provides security in credit card payments thereby making a secured gateway of internet paying. The acquirer and merchant both require unforgettable proofs for the payment and authorization and without the consent of the customer; nothing can be changed (Saebi and Foss, 2014). The Millicent was also designed for transaction of very small; amounts such as cents and the transaction is so made that it is protected and free from any kind of fraud. b) Main features of HTML The HTML contains a start tag along with the end tag and has content in between these. The basic structure of HTML is content The HTML structure can be well written as First heading First paragraph. The denotes the heading that has as a start tag and end tag. Here the element content is: First heading. The denotes the paragraph that has as start tag and as end tag. Here the element content is: First paragraph. c) Functions of clients, servers and browsers Figure 1: Client-Server Architecture (Source: Yuksek, 2013, pp. 62) The client-server architecture helps ion communicating between the clients and servers directly on the internet. This facilitates their interaction through Web browser on the client side and Web server on the server side (Alhassan and Enagi, 2014). When a request is sent from client and the server receives a request, a secure connection is established with the computer of the client. Location of requested web page is done that formats in HTTP message and is reverted back to the client via the browser. Role of search engines and the application of it in the e-business of A2Z Cosmetics The applications of the search engines by A2Z Cosmetics are the killer technologies that play a major role in satisfaction of the customers. It facilitates the users in actively seeking for the products and information according to their requirement. This also facilitates in positioning of the company in the search lists of the customers thereby enabling the customers to get in touch with the company (Miller and Engemann, 2014). This dynamic nature of the search engine also helps in giving updated and accurate information and data to the customers. d) Use of intranet and extranet that helps in facilitating business communication (AC 2.4) The Intranet uses the Internet-based technology such as telnet, e-mail, TCP/IP, HTML, Web browser, HTTP and Web server for a selected number of users for accessing the web server. This helps in reduction of the costs, increased security, scalability, improvement in productivity and servicing the customers well (Foster, 2012). Apart from this, it also helps in increasing the competitiveness and in virtual networking where the employees can get access of the data irrespective of any place. This thereby improves the business communication that facilitates the sharing of information and joint working. On the other hand, the Extranet integrates the supply chain that helps in ordering, tracking the order as well managing the inventory online that facilitates the business communication effectively. Moreover, it also reduces the cost by making the online documentation of the technical and manuals for trading with customers and partners. In addition to this, it also improves the customer service by giving a direct access to the customers regarding the information and also is an improved and secured way of communication between the business partners (Boone and Kurtz, 2011). Moreover, the usage of the extranet also allows the staff to get the business information for 24 hours in a day that can be accessed from any location. Task 3 a) Different e-business models for generating revenue in a business Business 2 Business (B2B model) - The B2B model is quite an effective business model that A2Z Cosmetics can adopt in order to conduct business transactions between companies using internet and to generate revenues. Here, A2Z Cosmetics will be receiving the raw materials as well as finished products from the suppliers at a bulk amount where ordering to payments all are done online (Saebi and Foss, 2014). Ex- A2Z Cosmetics can import the raw materials such as acids, alkalis, antioxidants, amino acid etc. that are essential for manufacturing the cosmetic products. The payments and ordering of the raw materials are done on the online basis. Business 2 Customers (B2C model) - This model ensures the selling of the products directly to the customers. The whole process of ordering, payments and delivering the products to the customers are done online that also facilitates the tracking of the products by the customers through the companys website that also helps in generating revenues (Foster, 2012). Ex- A2Z Cosmetics sells the products to the customers where ordering to transactions are done via internet. Customer 2 Customer (C2C model) - In this model, the company is going to behave as a common place where the customers buy and sell the products as well as pays and receives money through the website (Miller and Engemann, 2014). Here, the website of the company may or may not charge for the services from the customers helping in generating revenues. b) Comparing and contrasting two E-business models helping to generate revenue The purchasing process of B2B business model is more complex compared to that of B2C model. In B2B business model the members that are included in the decision making process are from the domains of technical, operational, financial as well as business so buying decision depends on the mutual consent of all these concerned people. On B2C model, the customer is only the concerned process in buying the products. The payment procedure of B2B model differs from that the B2C model. In B2B model, the company opens an account in the name of the supplier where it deposits certain amount of money and on purchasing the products from suppliers; the money from that account gets debited. On the other hand, In B2C the customers either make direct or deferred payments for the product or service (Boone and Kurtz, 2011). The B2B process is comparatively a fast process and is more customized towards providing the products in compared to B2C business model. The volume of sales is smaller in B2C model a nd the sales involve more emotion compared to B2B business model. c) Future developments in e-business models With the development of the technology and with the changing demand of the customers and suppliers and also with the changing trend, the e-business models also need to upgrade themselves for future development. A2Z Cosmetics need to customize their sites, strategies and features that go with the customers preferences and taste. The company also needs to stay proactive for the unremitting and continuous updating of the technologies for making ease of the customers to navigate through the website as well as placing orders and making payments (Foster, 2012). The more the company will be facilitating these issues, the business models will be upgraded that will be giving ultimate satisfaction to the customers. Moreover, the innovation of the apps will attract more customers since now days, the usages of Smart phones and Iphones have increased to a considerable level. Task 4 a) Key elements for designing a website (AC 4.1) This will be the proposed website for A2Z Cosmetics. The reason for choosing this webpage for the company is due to its fresh look and innovative look. This webpage on browsing the customers can understand what the company sells and the reason of existence of the company. The look-book says something about the upcoming fresh items that are included in the store in the up-coming seasons. Our Story says about the companys evolution and milestones in the market. The Shop section contains the items and products from where they can choose products according to their style and passion. The name of the offline stores are given in where to buy section and blog section is given for jotting down the experience of the customers while shopping through this store. b) Impact of a well designed website on e-business A well designed website is essential on e-business in order to attract the customers to a great extent and engage the customers in the website of A2Z Cosmetics. This increases the customer database of the company that leads to the increase in revenue collection and get a better position in the search engines. In this technology savvy world, the customers who are concerned with the information related to the company before becoming the customers of it, for them a well designed, well informed website is essential (Al-Qirim, 2006). Moreover, an attractive website also helps in providing the customers with authentic information regarding the company which in return increases the loyalty of the customers towards the company. The visual effect of the website gives a solid impact on the customers and the meaningful content within it also makes the readers or customers happy and content. This leads to the increase in sales and profit of the company. c) Issues concerning website usability The website of A2Z Cosmetics need to simple but full of information and can be accessed easily by all the children, parents as well as visually impaired people. There will be a button for the visually impaired people which on clicking; those people can hear the information regarding the website of the company. Every details of the company, its products, ordering of the products, payments everything will be audible to those customers (Shi and Murthy, 2003). This makes the website easy for them to get access. Moreover, the website also contains the user id where verification of age is given to keep a track of the customers whether they are children or parents and displaying the products and according to their age. Conclusion This assignment deals with the technological development of e-business site of A2Z Cosmetics in order to have a competitive advantage over other companies on the same domain. In addition to this, the benefits, barriers of the online presence of the company along with the security and legislative issues are also discussed. Moreover the modes of communication, the usage of internet technology, features of HTML along with the extranets and intranets are also discussed. The future models are also discussed along with the benefits and challenges of the e-commerce models. References Alhassan, A. and Enagi, M. (2014). Evaluating Collaborative Technologies used by Academics: Case Study of Loughborogh University, UK. International Journal of Computer Applications, 93(19), pp.37-40. Al-Qirim, N. (2006). Global electronic business research. Hershey, Pa.: Idea Group Pub. Klatt, T. (2013). E-Commerce Business Models and Search Engine Dependency.iBusiness, 05(03), pp.205-208. 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